Catholics, Know Your History!

Catholics, Know Your History!

Writer Mary McWilliams urges Catholics to embrace the Catholic Church’s history with all is blemishes and beauty, and to begin with the spirited re-release of, ‘Triumph, The Power and Glory of the Catholic Church.’

If Catholic news junkies have felt a bit twitchy that their church is the target of arrows firing from numerous directions, those nervous tics have merit. Assaults on the Catholic church worldwide have made frequent headlines: the Chinese Communist Party asserts heightened control on religious institutions in Hong Kong (1); militants attack Sunday worshipers at a Catholic Church in Burkina Faso, killing 15 brothers and sisters (2); and here in the homeland an investigation by US senators into deleted FBI records regarding a memo deemed “anti-Catholic” (3).

That was just in February. In January, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops released its, “State of Religious Liberty in the United States,” citing the top five threats in 2024 that include increased attacks on churches, suppression of free speech, and mandates on medical professionals (4).

Which may make a bit premature the October 2023 updated re-issue Triumph, The Power and the Glory of the Catholic Church: A 2000 Year History. Or, given the barrage of threats, the timing may be fortuitous for author H. W. Crocker III and his press, Regnery Publishing, to offer this 600-plus page tome on such a lush, complex topic. Since this is a faith that has suffered strikes outside and within, going back to the days after the Lord designated a brash fisherman the rock on which he would build his church, wouldn’t it be reasonable to understand the threats and how they have been handled?

Have you ever succumbed to the argument that Martin Luther had “some good points” in his theses? Or bowed your head in shame over the Inquisition? Been lost on how to respond to criticism of Vatican II? Catholics, know your history; not only the Genesis account of Adam and Eve, original sin, and the lovely stories of Fatima and Lourdes, but of the Dark Ages, the Renaissance, the Reformation up to 20th Century, Nazism, Communism, schisms, heretics, and where we stand today:  a culture that has determined a new era and dubbed it “post-Christian” as though Jesus Christ and his Salvation have become passe´ and given way to a movement that even Dr. Frankenstein’s “… dreams easily surpassed … transhumanism” (p. 541).

Know your history, with its deep, ugly, beautiful, and completely magnificent flaws and glory. Triumph presents it all. Two thousand years is a lot to take in, even snuggled down in the most comfy chair, but Triumph promises to be a “brawling, colorful history, full of pageantry and spirited polemic …” Mr. Crocker, a well-known novelist, historian, myth-buster, and lover of the faith, takes time to frame each era, tie it to the next, and expound on the politics, strategies, conflicts, players, and positions.

Revel in the chapter on Constantine and think of those altogether indifferent to any faith:  “Constantine had nothing to gain by embracing Christianity – a small, unpopular, and persecuted faith. His mother was a Christian and his father had been sympathetic to Christians, but their influence was secondary. It was battle that convinced him — the Christian God delivered him victory at the Milvian Bridge” (p. 52).

The author tackles the Reformation with command, describing it as “… the worst cataclysm to befall the Western world since the sack of Rome in 410” (page 289). He explains Luther, described by one historian as “the most anal of theologians,” and how his “barbarian creed” became out of control because Pope Leo X tackled what he thought was a greater threat, the Turks’ invasion of Hungary and Germany with its lances set on the Holy Roman Empire. That is only one instance where Triumph offers insight into the quandaries popes underwent throughout time while navigating hostilities and juggling divergent and powerful leaders.

He addresses both the villains of the church, and the heroes. Charles of Hapsburg, who at age 20, denounced Martin Luther at Worms and remained loyal to the church, even when popes turned against him. Fr. Jerzey Popieluszko, chaplain of Poland’s Solidarity movement, who ceaselessly preached non-violence despite communists’ violence toward him, up to his murder (p. 507). Beloved Pope John Paul II who, with his keen intellect and intuition, understood that old methods no longer worked with modern political threats and introduced a new approach. “What was needed now was a new banner of religious freedom to challenge the primary threat to the faith — Communist totalitarianism. When the Council decided to put the liturgy into the vernacular, the future pope, who understood the primacy of culture, saw springs of popular renewal (p. 522).”

Mr. Crocker counsels that the church will be in conflict until the Second Coming. Jesus has already won the war, but the church militant still needs to fight battles without shame: “… there is no need for muting the trumpet, for fudging the truth to make it more palatable to its enemies, for prevaricating instead of being courageous” (p.537).

In Triumph, Mr. Crocker affirms, “The Catholic Church … is the most extraordinary story in the world. The Church is a great force, and perhaps through it – indeed, only through it —Christendom will rise again” (p. 541).

 

 

1 https://catholicvote.org/report-religious-freedom-collapsing-in-hong-kong

2 https://www.vaticannews.va/en/africa/news/2024-02/burkina-faso-15-persons-killed-in-ferocious-attack-on-catholic.html

3 https://catholicvote.org/fbi-reportedly-deleted-info-related-to-anti-catholic-memo/

4 https://www.usccb.org/committees/religious-liberty/2024-annual-report

Knight and Castle Image by Dmytro from Pixabay

Martin Luther Image by Andreas Breitling from Pixabay

Step Out Like a Caterpillar and Fly

Step Out Like a Caterpillar and Fly

Does the caterpillar know transformation is imminent? I imagine it has no idea that change is about to take place, and soon it will be something more beautiful than it was. 

I have spent many years focused on the beauty of the butterfly, though some would call it an obsession rather than mere interest. I first fell in love with the butterfly during a life trial when I learned the spiritual significance of re-birth, new life, and transformation. I strived every day to be the butterfly.

Over several years, my faith and time with God blossomed, and He blessed me with new friends and relationships. I committed to living as a butterfly by reinventing aspects of my life and living in the ways I felt God calling me. Little did I know that God was preparing me for something bigger, something unexpected, and something I’ll never forget.

Many times on my journey of becoming the butterfly I thought I had reached transformation, only to be struck down by life again. I never anticipated life as a butterfly as perfect. I had visited butterfly houses on many occasions and witnessed broken wings, or simply those that had reached life expectancy.

What needed to transform was how I handled life’s struggles. I’m not an expert, but I imagine the caterpillar does not need to prepare for transformation. Likewise, many times we do not see or anticipate the upcoming circumstances that will be life-changing. When a storm comes, we are thrown in without knowing when we will come out of it. This is similar to how the caterpillar observes its situation inside the chrysalis.

One day in a moment of prayer, God revealed that my focus needed to shift from wanting to be the butterfly to living as the caterpillar. Soon I knew the change would entail embracing every struggle knowing that in the end, God would bless me with something better and more beautiful. I began imagining how a caterpillar might react to God’s instruction and focused my efforts on becoming a new and improved version of my old self.

Becoming Bella was my new way of life; in Italian, Bella means beautiful. I did all I could to bring God with me into every struggle; thus, it would become beautiful. I learned to treat each battle or bump in the road of life as a gift. One where God would reveal the lesson or blessing, allowing the caterpillar within to emerge and fly as the butterfly God prepared it to be.

I learned so much through this way of thinking, and every new day God blesses me with more insight into life as a caterpillar. This way of living and thinking takes courage, and I can’t think of anything more wonderful than a courageous caterpillar! 

Sitting in a room full of butterflies, I can see where the caterpillar lives. I wonder whether the caterpillar knew it was going to become a butterfly. I meditate on that and consider the first thought once emerging from the chrysalis, “is this the end or the beginning of something new?”

Images Copyright 2022 Canva

Give me Silence or Give me Death—Defender of the Seal of Confession; Father Fernando Olmedo Reguera

On July 1, 2019, the Vatican issued the Note of the Apostolic Penitentiary  (this is a tribunal in the Roman Curia that deals with mercy and forgiveness) about the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal aka the Seal of Confession.

A Sacrament is of God—not man.

The sacramental seal is inviolable; therefore, it is a crime for a confessor in any way to betray a penitent by word or in any other manner or for any reason. (CCC 2490)


Fernando Olmeda Reguera was born in Santiago de Compostela (in the northwestern part of Spain) on January 10, 1873. Following his religious calling, he joined the Capuchin Order of Friars Minor and was ordained to the priesthood on July 31, 1904.

When the Spanish Civil War began on July 17, 1936, Father Reguera was serving as the provincial secretary for the Capuchin Order. As with many priests and religious, he was forced to go into hiding. He moved among the homes of different friends and tried his best to stay under the radar. He also carried on his priestly ministry as discreetly as possible. However, he was apprehended during the first week of August 1936, when the Civil War was three weeks old.

Father Reguera was taken to an old fortress outside Madrid. The jails cells at the fort were quickly being filled with Catholics, religious and laypersons alike. Father Reguera’s initial admission to the jail included a severe beating from the soldiers. It would not be his last.

Father was given permission to hear the confessions of the other prisoners, especially the ones who were about to be executed. He gladly heard the confessions. Since he was 63 years old,  many of the others imprisoned with him were much younger. So, besides being a priest, he presented a paternal quality which proved to be of extra comfort to the doomed prisoners. It may have been a small blessing, but it was still a blessing.

Father Reguera quickly discovered that his captors wanted much more from him. He was brought into the commandant’s office and told he would have to write down all that he had heard in the confessional. He was told his only other option was death. He adamantly refused and was severely beaten again. They gave him some time and asked him again to cooperate. He refused and was beaten — again.

They finally realized that Father Fernando Olmeda Reguera would never break his vow to protect the Seal of Confession. He would be of no more use to them. A makeshift populist tribunal condemned Father Reguera to death. His crime: “not revealing the secrets other prisoners had told him in confession.” He was taken outside the fort and executed by firing squad on August 12, 1936.

Father Fernando was beatified by Pope Francis in Tarragona on October 13, 2013. His remains are entombed in the Basilica of Jesus of  Medinaceli in Madrid.

Blessed Fernando Olmeda Reguera, please pray for us.


 

These are the words of Pope Francis, as quoted in the Apostolic Penitentiary:

Reconciliation itself is a good that the wisdom of the Church has always safeguarded with all its moral and juridical strength with the sacramental seal. It, although not always understood by the modern mentality, is indispensable for the sanctity of the sacrament and for the penitent’s freedom of conscience; which must be certain, at any time, that the sacramental conversation will remain in the secret of confession, between one’s own conscience that opens to the grace of God, and the necessary mediation of the priest. The sacramental seal is indispensable and no human power has jurisdiction, nor can lay any claim to it. (emphasis mine)

From St. Pio of Pietrelcina (Padre Pio):

Confession is the soul’s bath. You must go at least once a week. I do not want souls to stay away from confession more than a week. Even a clean and unoccupied room gathers dust; return after a week and you will see that it needs dusting again!

Copyright ©Larry Peterson 2019

Pope St. Stephen I—He defined the Sacrament of Baptism and it Stands to this Day

If we could travel back in time to the middle of the third century we would quickly discover the Catholic Church, although quite different from today, had many similarities to our modern-day Church. There was plenty of hierarchical infighting going on and the politics of leading the Church was in flux.

In 250 AD, the Roman emperor Decius, unhappy as to how Christianity was spreading, embarked on a persecution of the Christians that, until that time, was the most brutal they had ever faced. Among the first to die was Pope Fabian, the sixteenth pope, who had held the papacy for fourteen years.

When Fabian died, he was followed by Pope Cornelius, who died within a year. He was followed by Pope Lucius I, who also died within a year. Both of these men died of natural causes. The Church was then without a pope and was run by a collective, under the direction of a priest named Novatian.

Emperor Decius demanded that all Christians offer sacrifice to the Roman gods to show their loyalty to Rome. Any who refused were executed. Others fled into the countryside or tried to bribe officials. The last recourse was to reject the Faith. Many took this route. It was an easier path than giving up one’s life.

After Fabian’s murder, a huge pastoral problem arose. Emperor Decius’ persecution had seen many Christians purchase certificates attesting to the fact that they had made the required sacrifices to the Roman Gods. Other had denied that they were Christians, while still others took part in pagan sacrifices.

These people were called “lapsi.” The question within the still-fledgling Church was whether, if they repented for their sins, they could be readmitted to full communion with the Church. If they could, what would be the conditions? Novatian was preaching the false doctrine that those people who were “lapsi” could not be forgiven while the Catholic position was to grant full communion to those who fully repented.

Novatian and his followers would only grant fellowship to the sinners, not full communion. Novatian went even further and said that those who had denied the Faith and worshipped idols could not be forgiven, as the Church did not have the power to do so. He said that being baptized does not administer forgiveness for certain heinous sins.

Pope Lucius had appointed his archdeacon, Stephen, as his successor (this was way before the College of Cardinals) and Pope Stephen I was faced with the task of reuniting the Church from the schism started by Novatian. He began his papacy in the year 254.

Stephen’s most important battle was his defense of the Sacrament of Baptism. The Novatianist priests were re-baptizing those who sought forgiveness. Stephen insisted that re-baptizing a previously baptized person was unnecessary. He argued that only absolution was required to regain full communion with the church. Cyprian of Carthage and other African and Asian bishops called what the Novationists were doing as heretical.

Stephen, who had the support of Cyprian and other bishops, was pressured from others within the Church to be flexible and allow re-baptism for the Novatianist priests. Stephen would not waver and stayed true to his conviction. Even Cyprian changed his mind and disagreed loudly, claiming that baptism administered by heretics was invalid. All those people who had received this sacrament would need to be re-baptized.

But Stephen was the Bishop of Rome. The unwavering defense of his position on Baptism more than likely established Rome as the seat of the Church. He claimed that he was occupying the seat of Peter as handed down by Christ. Stephen is recognized as the first pope to formally announce the primacy of Rome. He also decreed that baptism, if administered by anyone with the right intent, is valid. That practice stands today, 1800 years later.

Stephen died in 257 and his Feast Day is August 2. He is honored as a saint in both the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

St. Stephen I, pray for us.

Copyright 2018 Larry Peterson

The “Protector” Saint of the Mexican Border*

By Larry Peterson

Since there is so much discussion about the Mexican border I thought I would share this column I wrote about two months ago. Meet St.Toribio Romo,The Protector of the Mexican Border.

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Sometime during the early summer of 1973, Jesus Gaytan and two friends began making their way north to the United States. They were planning to ‘”sneak” across the border and find work as farmhands. They did not care where, they just wanted to work.

At the border their plans quickly unraveled. They were spotted by the Border Patrol and, frightened, ran back toward Mexico. Jesus became separated from his friends and began wandering around the desert. He had no idea where he was. After several days of walking and wandering and without any food or water left, Jesus was sure he would die.

As he stared across the bleak landscape peering through the undulating heat waves rising from the ground, he saw a pickup truck coming his way. Not knowing who was approaching, he became instantly afraid and yet also relieved. The truck pulled up and a young man with light skin and blue eyes stepped out. He smiled and gave Jesus food and water. Then he directed him to a nearby farm where they needed workers. He also gave Jesus a few dollars to keep in his pocket. Jesus thanked him profusely and asked him where he could return the money to him.

Speaking perfect Spanish the man said to him, “When you finally get a job and money, look for me in Santa Ana de Guadalupe, Jalisco. Ask for Toribio Romo.”

And so the story goes that years later Jesus Gaytan did make that trip to Santa Ana de Gaudalupe. When he arrived he asked how he could find Toribio Romo. He was directed to the small church nearby. Hanging on the outside of the chapel was a large picture. Jesus stared wide-eyed looking up at the picture. It was the man from the desert, Toribio Romo.

Jesus had arrived at Toribio’s shrine where his remains were kept. He was shocked to learn that the man who had helped him in the desert 20 years before had been beatified in 1992 by Pope John Paul II. He was doubly shocked that his rescuer had been murdered in 1928 during the Cristero War.  Jesus Gaytan realized he had been saved by a man sent from heaven.

Luciano Lopez tells of being on his way to Colorado to find work when he got lost in the encapsulating heat of the Arizona desert. Luciano tells of seeing a “shadowy” figure standing next to what appeared to be an ocean. Luciano told how the person waved him to him and how he began walking. He was led right to a rest-stop with food and water and he was saved. When he told his wife back in Mexico she said, “It was St. Toribio, the migrant-smuggling saint, leading you to safety. I have been praying to him for your well-being.”

Toribio Romo was born on April 16, 1900 in Santa Ana de Guadalupe, Jalisco, Mexico. He was, with permission from the bishop, ordained a priest at the young age of 22. His age did not matter to the authorities. The anti-religious Constitution of Mexico had been enacted in 1917. Toribio may have been only 22 but he was immediately placed under watch by the government. Then along came the fateful year of 1927. That was the year that the Catholic hating president of Mexico, Plutarco Ellas Cartes, ordered his soldiers to strictly enforce the anti-religious Constitution of 1917.

Besides saying Mass “under the radar” and making sick calls and hearing confessions, Father Toribio had also been teaching catechism to both children and adults. Now he was told to confine himself to his residence and to not say the Rosary in public or offer Mass. The young priest took up refuge in an old factory near a town called Agua Caliente. Here he defied the secular authority and celebrated Mass and tended to his ministry the best he could.

On February 22, 1928,  Father Toribio, began organizing his parish registry. He finished doing that on February 24. Father Toribio knew the danger he was in and he was afraid. He prayed daily for God’s grace and strength but would not let his fears stop him from doing his work. It was 4:00 am on February 25 when the young priest climbed into his bed to get some sleep.

An hour later government troops stormed the place and broke into the priest’s bedroom. One soldier shouted, “I have found the priest. Kill him!”

Father Toribio said, “Here I am, but you do not have to kill me.”

The soldiers did not care. One soldier fired and the wounded priest stood up and began to walk toward the soldiers. After a few steps they opened fire and Father Toribio Romo fell dead. The story of the young priest’s martyrdom spread quickly and his popularity soared. Many Mexicans who have headed north tell inspiring stories about how their lives were saved through the intervention of Father Toribio.

In 2000, Pope John Paul II canonized Father Toribio and 24 other martyrs murdered for their faith during the Cristero War. Today, Santo Toribio Romo, is honored as the Patron Saint of Mexican migrants and “border crossers.” He is a saint who all Mexican and American Catholics should pray to for help with the border crisis confronting us today.

Saint Toribio Romo, pray for us.

*This article appeared in Aleteia in June of 2016

©Larry Peterson 2016 All Rights Reserved